Statistics Exercise

1.The researchers analyzed the data they collected as though it were at what level of measurement? d.Experimental2.What was the mean posttest empowerment score for the control group? The mean posttest empowerment score was 97.12 3.Compare the mean baseline and posttest depression scores of the experimental group. Was this an expected finding? Provide a rationale for your answer. The mean baseline depression score of the experimental group is 14.00. The mean posttest depression score of the experimental group is 13.36.The posttest score is 0.64 lower than the baseline score. This is an expected finding because after the completion of the empowerment program the experimental group’s depression showed improvement. 4.Compare the mean baseline and posttest depression scores of the control group. Do these scores strengthen or weaken the validity of the research results? Provide a rationale for your answer. The mean baseline depression score of the control group is 10.40 The mean pos ttest depression score of the control group is 10.40. The scores show no change in the control groups score. It does show a change in the empowerments score which shows a decrease in the depression scores for the experimental group.5. Which group's test scores had the least amount of variability or dispersion? Provide a rationale for your answer. The control groups test scores 10.40 both at baseline and posttest showed the least amount of variability or dispersion.6.Did the empowerment variable or self-care self-efficacy variable demonstrate the greatest amount of dispersion? Provide a rationale for your answer. I think the self care efficacy group showed the greatest amount of dispersion. The total groups post test score is 1.78 lower than the baseline score. The empowerment variable total groups posttest is only .11 lower than the baseline group. 7.The mean ( ) is a measure of central tendency of a distribution while the SD is a measure of dispersion of its scores. Both and SD are descriptive statistics.8. What was the mean severity for renal disease for the research subjects? What was the dispersion or variability of the renal disease severity scores?Did the severity scores vary significantly between the control and the experimental groups? Is this important? Provide a rationale for your answer. The mean severity for renal disease for the research subjects was 6.74. The dispersion or variability of the renal disease severity score was 2.97. The severity scores did not vary much between the control and the experimental groups. This is important as the groups were no differences in clinical and demographic characteristics.9. Which variable was least affected by the empowerment program? Provide a rationale for your answer. The mean depression score showed the least amount of change when compared to their baseline values. Only 0.66 points for depression compared to 6.44 points for self care/self efficacy and 6.64 for empowerment. The mean score for the depressi on scale was lower than for the empowerment and self-care self-efficacy scales.10.Was it important for the researchers to include the total means and SDs for the study variables in Table 2 to promote the readers’ understanding of the study results? Provide a rationale for your answer. No, it is not necessary for the reader to have the total means and the SD’s for the study variables in the table to understand the study results. One can understand the results showing only the total means.

Lemurs in Madagascar Assignment

Associate Level Material Lemurs in Madagascar Assignment View the â€Å"Lemurs in Madagascar – Surviving on an Island of Change† video. Using the information found in this video, and in Ch. 5 and 6 of Visualizing Environmental Science, answer the following questions in 25 to 100 words each. 1. What are Madagascar’s biomes? Discuss the major features of at least one of these biomes. Use the textbook for biome examples. A= In Madagascar their biome is the tropical rainforest. A feature of a biome from the tropical rainforest is the temperature; it is usually warm yearly with rain every day.There are 3 different layers to the biome in the tropical rainforest, first being the layer on top of trees, the second layer being on the leaves, and the last layer being on the ground of the rainforest. 2. What changes happening in Madagascar are posing challenges for lemurs? Give details about the sources, time scale, and types of change. A= the changes that are happening are creating many challenges to lemurs is the destruction of the tropical rainforest by humans.Lemurs eat the leaves from the trees, and if the trees are being cut down it is destroying not only the rainforest but the lemur’s source of food. 3. Which types of lemurs are adapting to the changes? Which types of lemurs are not adapting well? Why? A= the lemurs that are doing well with the changes are the ones secondary to the habitats altered by people, these lemurs are called the ring-tailed lemur, they use the crops of the people to find food due to the destruction of the rainforest.The lemurs that are not adapting well are the bamboo lemurs, they eat only bamboo and since a lot of plants are gone they do not have food to eat. 4. What behavioral and physical traits are being favored in lemurs in the changing Madagascar environment? A= well some of the lemurs are able to adapt to the changes and they are studying this type to see what will help them change and also to see if that c hange can be shown to other lemurs. 5. Why might lemurs not evolve to adapt to the changes in Madagascar?A= this can happen is a lemur only eats a certain type of plant and if there is no longer that plant in the rainforest then the changes for that breed of lemur will not be good. 6. Which biogeochemical cycles may be altered by anthropogenic activities on Madagascar, and how? A= this involves the transition between atmospheric gases, soils, oceans and living organisms. Since the humans continue to destroy these resources in Madagascar areas will continued to be effected. Reference â€Å"Lemurs in Madagascar: Surviving on an Island of Change. † Films Media Group, 2006. Films on Demand.

Employee Compensation and Benefits Essay

Black Corporation, an innovative new technology corporation, has just hired John as the director of their Human Resources Department. As HR Director, John has been tasked with hiring an Administrative Assistant/ Secretary for the advertising department and to develop an employee compensation and benefits package that will be used for that position upon hire. He must elaborate on Black Corporation and the type of organization for which he is designing the package and develop an employee compensation and benefits package for this new position. He must be able to support his ideas the compensation/benefits package. This is the first time that John has had the task of hiring for Black Corporation and he will need quality resources to assist him to ensure that he is able to make the process as smooth and effective as possible. What type of Organization is Black Corporation? To begin with, John has recently been hired by Black Corporation as the director of their HR department. John has may years of HR experience and is also a certified Senior Professional in Human resources. BC is a brand new addition to the technology industry, which has just introduced an innovative communications device called the Talk Tablet. This device is a cellular telephone that is also a tablet that can be used for Internet access and app purchases. The head of Advertising, Mary, is in the process of launching a multi million dollar ad campaign and is in need of a Administrative Assistant/Secretary to assist her. Although BC has been open for less than a year they have established their stake in the industry with their ability to enhance current products and out sell many of its competitors. They are also known for employee satisfaction. BC considers its employees their greatest asset and offers excellent benefits and compensation. They are a very competitive employer; therefor e their employees are all experienced professionals in their area of expertise. The Administrative Assistant/Secretary Compensation Package Next, John has to develop the compensation/benefits package for his new hire Elizabeth. According to  BLS.gov the median pay in 2012 (the most updated reporting) for an AA/Secretary is $35,330 or $16.99 per hour. (â€Å"Secretaries and Administrative Assistants,† 2014) BC prides itself in hiring and retaining the cream of the crop in all of the areas they employ. They will pay Elizabeth a base salary of $61,000, due to her experience in this industry and position, and her performance will be evaluated in 90 days for a compensation increase. The base salary for an entry level AA/Secretary will be $51,000. This is $975 more than one of their competitors Apple Inc., according to Glassdoor.com (â€Å"Apple AA hourly pay,† 2014) Additionally John will decide on the benefits package. Susan Hatchfield, management and organization development consultant, who specializes in human resources, explains that â€Å"health insurance is the foundation of a comprehensive employee benefits package. Health insurance is the preferred employee benefit of the majority of people who work. [†¦] No comprehensive employee benefits package would be complete without employer paid time off from work. [†¦] Short-term disability insurance ensures that an employee will still receive a percentage of income if they cannot work due to sickness or a disabling injury. [†¦] Long-term care is an insurance policy that protects an employee from loss of income in the event that he or she is unable to work due to illness, injury, or accident for a long period of time. [†¦] Various dental insurance plans are available for employers to offer as part of a comprehensive employee benefits package. [†¦] Vision insurance is a lower cost addition to a comprehensive employee benefits package that is provided by employers. [†¦] Life insurance is an appreciated component in a comprehensive employee benefits package. [†¦]† (Heathfield, 2014, para. 6) All of these benefits will be the basis for the package for the Administrative Assistant/Secretary. Health, dental and vision insurances will be competitively priced with BC covering the majority of the premiums. The short term and long term insurance and a basic life insurance policy will be provided to the employees at no additional cost. BC will also provide a 401(k) investment option to allow employees to invest in their retirement with a 7% match to all investments. They will also allow an employee stock option with the improved dividends of the corporation. She will be given paid time off on a tiered scale, 4 weeks to begin with as well as a 2 day increase every 3 years with a maximum of 6 weeks. All major holidays will  also be paid with additional days off for some selected holidays. The package will include 12 stress/sick days per year. Elizabeth has been an AA/Secretary for the Advertising director with Google for 10 years and is excited to make the transition to Black Corporation. Google is the dream gig for many young professional according to a survey conducted by CB S News. Amy Levin-Epstein, of CBS News’s Money Watch reports that Google offers â€Å"a standard package of fringe benefits, but on top of that are first-class dining facilities, gyms, laundry rooms, massage rooms, haircuts, carwashes, dry cleaning, commuting buses – just about anything a hardworking employee might want.† (LEVIN-EPSTEIN, 2011, para. 2) They even offer free beer. With this in mind, John needs to develop a package that can offer some of the great fringe benefits that Elizabeth is used to. Although BC is a fairly new company they have invested in a state of the art facility, and they have done their research. They incorporated all of the amenities that Google offers as well as onsite training facilities and the option to go to school on campus to earn certifications and degrees. In conclusion, John has completed his task. He has hired Elizabeth as the Administrative Assistant/Secretary for Mary and he has developed a compensation package for the AA/Secretaries of Black Corporation. Elizabeth will start after she submits her 2 weeks notice. References Apple Administrative Assistant Hourly Pay. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.glassdoor.com/Hourly-Pay/Apple-Administrative-Assistant-Hourly-Pay-E1138_D_KO6,30.htm Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2014-15 Edition, Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, †¨on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/ooh/office-and-administrative-support/secretaries-and-administrative-assistants.htm (visited June 16, 2014). Heathfield, S. (2014). What’s In a Comprehensive Employee Benefits Package? Retrieved from http://humanresources.about.com/od/compensation-structure/tp/employee-benefits-package.htm LEVIN-EPSTEIN, A. (2011). Google Job Perks: Top 10 Reasons We Want to Work There. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/google-job-perks-top-10-reasons-we-want-to-work-there/

Developing Implementation Plan Obesity in Children Essay

Developing Implementation Plan Obesity in Children - Essay Example As the discussion stresses a formal approval is sought from fellow staff to seek their contributions to the study in one way or the order. Because both forms of involvements are done on a voluntary basis, it is always important that the researcher devises a strategic method in ensuring that the approvals are not declined. As part of the method of obtaining the necessary approval therefore, the researcher shall ensure that there is first a verbal consultation among all targeted persons, whereby a ‘water-testing’ strategy shall be undertaken to have an idea of those who will be willing to be involved in the study and those who are not. Thereafter, a consent form that clearly spells out all ethical considerations including the need to keep the identities of respondents confidential and anonymous shall be released to the targeted stakeholders. It is hoped that with the assurance of ensuring high sense and level of ethics, the organization’s leadership and fellow staff will be willing to be part of the study. Description of current problem The current issue has to do with the introduction of a new intervention that seeks to tackle the problem of obesity in children. This paper highlgihts that the need and rationale behind the present issue is rooted in the weaknesses identified in the current procedure. Presently, the fight against obesity in children is approached using the masses procedure. By this, all children suffering from obesity are categorized as one group of persons with a common problem and thus demanding a common intervention. However, for some years now that this strategy has been used, it has been found that the strategy has been very ineffective in yielding needed results. This is because according to state data and record, regardless of the existing procedure, obesity in children continues to go high. The proposed intervention would therefore take a form and structure that is directly opposite to what exists currently. This is bec ause it will identify children with obesity as individual persons rather than a group. With this, the researcher shall have the opportunity to critically scrutinizing the cause of each child’s risk of obesity. Thereafter, the researcher shall be offered the opportunity to assigning the most suitable solutions to each child’s case; noting that they all have different causes to their problems. A very crucial part of the proposed solution or issue is that is it backed with several theories and research findings.  

Literature Review of Studies Focused on Vocabulary Development Research Paper

Literature Review of Studies Focused on Vocabulary Development Strategies and Interventions for Grades 9-12 - Research Paper Example There are strategies ideal only for children and there are those applicable only for grownups. In teaching Grades 9-12, teachers will find issues relating mostly to comprehension and vocabulary. This paper reviews three articles that investigated effective reading strategies for improving vocabulary of Grade 9-12 students. One article worthy of attention was written by Douglas Fisher (2007). In this paper, Fisher reports the five-part program that the teachers and administrators of Hoover High School developed and implemented in order to improve the vocabulary performance of students in state-administered tests. According to Fisher (2007), Hoover High School was a low-performing school with a population of 2,300 students at the time of study, all qualifying for free breakfast and lunch and 76% speak a different language apart from English. To improve vocabulary at the school level, the school implemented vocabulary routines and instruction. The first component of the program was wide reading. This component consisted silent sustained reading (SSR) and independent reading for content area subjects. The school identified and purchased appropriate reading materials, among these were historical accounts of WWII. In addition to these resources, the school assigned teachers who could provide relevant information to students regarding the materials they read. The students devoted 20 minutes per day to SSR and just read any material they wanted. This method was not enough, thus additional time was provided during content area instruction for independent reading. The second component of the program was reading aloud. This strategy is very common for beginning readers. Nevertheless, Hoover High School used it because of its tested effectiveness to learn content and vocabulary. In this method, the teacher read aloud a passage for 3-5 minutes at every class. Again, the school had to purchase materials specially designed for the procedure, including Richardson’s (200 0) â€Å"Read It Aloud! Using Literature in the Secondary Content Classroom,† Trelease’s (1993) â€Å"Read All About It! Great Read-Aloud Stories, Poems, and Newspaper Pieces for Preteens and Teens.† These materials, along with other interesting books, were purchased using the school’s site book funds. School administrators conducted observation of read aloud sessions. Consequently, to enhance interest of teachers in implementing read aloud sessions, professional development funds were also utilized to pay teachers to observe other teachers during read alouds. The third component composed of content vocabulary instruction. This was the usual vocabulary instruction in which teachers used graphic organizers, semantic maps, tables, etc. One issue that aroused teachers’ attention on this component was deciding on what vocabulary words to teach. To address the problem, several questions were raised to qualify the words, such as â€Å"Will the word be u sed in other subject areas? Will the word be used again during the school year?† This kind of questions served as guide to teaching specific vocabulary words. The fourth component was academic vocabulary development. For this component, the school team consulted Coxhead’s (2000) â€Å"Academic Word List† and Marzano and Pickering’s (2005) â€Å"ELL Students and Academic Vocabulary† and came up with 570 academic words to teach their students. The last component was called the â€Å"

U08d2 Court Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U08d2 Court Case Analysis - Essay Example The main intention of the bill was to improve the current, i.e. less than 3% of the Massachusetts residents without health insurance. Hence to help the people overcome and not be uninsured, the state has established that hospitals need to charge the patients on reasonable rates rather than being based on the actual costs (Goodnough, 2009). The case involved a number of claims, like, ‘BMC’s constitutional claims also face high hurdles. The hospital contends that in requiring BMC to treat patients without providing full payment, the state engaged in a â€Å"regulatory taking† — essentially, using the hospital’s property without paying for it’ (NEJM, 2009). This case is absurd in a few manners. The main issue is due to the stem of an older case and conflict between the state and Medicaid cost cutting. Cases of this nature tend to be never ending and with a chance of low solutions for the health care industry. As explained in the case, ‘As long as powerful interests clash over limited health care resources, parties will do what they have always done: go to court’ (NEJM, 2009). The case of Massachusetts allows being a guide to help resolve the several health care reforms and will also allow a future solution for the cases where hospitals are not given their freedom to treat patients and are directed by the State Legislation (NEJM, 2009). Hence the case has a clear amount of impact on the health care industry and this case to some extent although a bit absurd is a benchmark for the several cases where the hospitals are not treated

Occupational Health and Safety Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Occupational Health and Safety - Research Paper Example Confined space is a component of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007. The probable hazards associated with confined spaces include asphyxiation, loss of consciousness, injury, death, fire, and many more. According to Auburn University (2012), a Hot Work Permit is required where a temporary operation requires work involving open flames or producing heat and/or sparks. Welding and soldering are some examples of such work. According to Work Safe Victoria (2012), a job safety analysis (JSA) which brings together accepted safety and health principles and practices, and applies it to a particular task or operation. It indentifies each basic step of a job, and then addresses the most safest manner in which the job should be performed (Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety 2008). A Safe Work Methods Statement (SWMS), is quite similar to a JSA. However, a SWMS is created for high risk construction work, as well as other work activities. These statements are to be provided, regardless of the cost of the project (Housing Industry Association 2004). According to the Best Practice Regulation Handbook (2010), a Regulation Impact Statements (RIS), is compulsory for all decisions made by the Australian Government and its agencies which will most likely affect the regulations on business or government activity, unless the impact is of a minor nature. 6) Review your workplace and list 15 or more hazards that you and or someone else would be exposed to on a regular basis. You are to also list the consequences of being exposed to such hazards and would they now become risks? The unit is quite narrow and small, and had various objects that tend to stick out, such as the hooks for the tongs and the cash registers drawer. This could lead to staff members getting hit by these objects, causing injury. We have a vault drop box, in which we bank our takings daily. In order to bank we need to deposit in a small compartment in the top drawer which then

1950s- & American Indian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

1950s- & American Indian - Essay Example With the desire to live in the quaint came the inevitable impact on the inner urban facets of American life. Also an era which saw more women at home, rather than the present in which it has become quite commonplace for numerous American households to be comprised of two working adults, rather than 50 years ago when it was undoubtedly the role of the male to be the breadwinner and his wife would be responsible for the maintenance of the home and hearth. With the law in place of separation of church and state, there have been many who look back at the era of the 50s and the presence of spiritual and religious discussion that seemed to occur more freely then than what it does now. Two clear signs of such open discussion involve the addition of â€Å"under god† to the pledge of allegiance, as well as the addition of â€Å"in god we trust† to the American currency. Two strong examples of how deeply rooted religion was at the time for many and the need felt to keep it close to the vest as it came to national practices. Central themes for many that lived in the time were the importance of family, the value of a strong economy and what it would mean for providing a strong way of life, as well as maintaining a strong connection to god and the principles set forth from religious teachings. In the end, for many people, the 1950s were a time in which many felt there was great prosperity and great hope. Television was used in suc h a manner to portray a human landscape of the strong male role model, the supportive role of the female and also the role of the children to be pleasantly precocious but well mannered. It can be asserted that a great many people essentially felt their was great promise to be had and considerable prosperity for all. Just as other minorities that wished to exert their rights, the American Indians set forth with a plan of obtaining recognized rights and liberties from the national level. The 1950s would be a decade

Bridget Bishop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bridget Bishop - Essay Example John Crook’s evidence in the same manner proved the witchcraft of the Bishop and narrated the event of five to six years’ before. Testimony of John Bly evolved a sow which turned out to be one of the important evidences as it was used by the Edward Bishop, the husband of the convicted and the sow was suspected of performing some uncanny activities soon after the quarrel of Bishop and Bly. Also the testimony of Richard Coman, who witnessed an unnatural circumstance eight years previous to the trial while lying awaken on his bed and saw an apparition of Bishop, was added as important evidence in the trial. Also the testimony of Samuel Shattock, John Louder and William Stacy were taken into serious considerations for the evidence of Bridget Bishop’s trial. Apart from these the witch cake, the spectral evidences and various touch tests suggested strong indication towards infliction of witchcraft. A thorough study of Bridget Bishop case indicates there are myriad social, political, local and religious motifs involved. Amid all these reasons, the local motifs are quite pertinent. In the village of Salem, issues pertaining to the demarcation of property and grazing land were disputed and quarrel related to these disputes were very commonplace in the neighbourhood. And among all these turmoil the privileges of church and its property along with the issues of the grazing rights performed a clichà © role in this case. But the obvious motif behind this case seems to be superstitions and contemporary puritan visions which protested many of the orthodox and protestant rituals of church. Apart from this, motif of jealousy and usurping of the property is one of the important motives that evolve out. Bishop was childless though she married thrice so definitely her property was actually heirless and therefore her captivation or early death

RESEARCH COURSE WORK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

RESEARCH COURSE WORK - Essay Example Also, as far as population distributions are concerned, non-parametric tests make no assumptions about the shape of these distributions, nor do they assume that the two populations have equal amounts of variability (Miller, 2006). Correlation and Regression A correlation is a numerical value that describes and measures the characteristics of the relationship between two variables. Typically, correlation measures the direction of the relationship, whether positive (direct) or negative (inverse); the type of the relationship, whether, linear, exponential, quadratic, etc.; and, the extent of relationship, that is, correlation close to 1 or -1 indicates a strong relationship while correlation close to zero indicates the minimality of the relationship. If the relationship is linear, then regression gives the linear equation that best predicts the relationship between the independent and dependent variables (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2008). Measures of central tendency The mean, median and mode of a data set measure central tendency. The mean is typically the â€Å"average† value of the data set, taken by summing up all the data points and dividing the sum by the total sample size. The mean is used when the distribution is somehow evenly distributed, without the presence of extreme values. The mode is the most frequent value in the data set, and is most commonly used when the data is made up of categorical or nominal values. The median is the â€Å"middle value† or the score that divides the distribution in half so that 50% of the values lie below or at the median (Bluman, 2004). When a distribution is symmetrical, the right-hand side of the graph will be a mirror image of the left-hand side. In this case, there is only one mode and it is equal to the mean and the median. Skewed distributions, on the other hand, are lopsided towards one side. Positively skewed distributions peak at the left where the mode is, the median to the right of the mode and the mean to the right of the median. In negatively skewed distributions peaked to the right where the mode is, the median to the left of the mode, and the mean to the left of the median (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2008). The meaning of â€Å"Statistical Significance† Statistical significance is basically the level of risk that one is willing to take in rejecting a true null hypothesis. For example, when testing the equality of the means of two data sets at 1% or .01 level of significance, it means that on any test of the null hypothesis, there is a 1% chance of rejecting the null hypothesis and thus concluding that there is a difference in the means when there is no difference at all (Miller, 2006). Part B. The research topic The data set extracted from Brainmass.com was gathered to conduct research on the housing of a neighborhood that encompasses 5 townships. Using the data gathered from 100 housing properties, the researcher wants to find out the relationship of the characteristics of th e real estate property to its market value. Furthermore, the researcher wants to find out which among the variables have the greatest effect on the market price in order to come up with a mathematical model that will forecast the market value of a property given the values of the independent variables. The research variables The following variables were used in this data set: Price The variable â€Å"Price† refers to the current price or market value of the housing property, measured in thousands of US dollars. This variable is treated

A play written by J. B. Priestly Essay Example for Free

A play written by J. B. Priestly Essay An Inspector Calls, a play written by J. B. Priestly in 1945. He set his play in 1912 just before the First World War. It is a story of the visit by an Inspector to an apparently normal family, the Birlings. The Birlings are celebrating their daughter Shelias engagement to Gerald Croft. Mr. Birling a successful factory owner gets the ball rolling with a speech, which he gives to his son Eric, and Gerald Croft. J. B Priestly makes good use of dramatic irony in this speech because many events took place after 1912, which we the modern audience, know about but Mr. Birling doesnt. Mr. Birling mentioned that the miners came out on a strike and there would be possible labour trouble in the near future. He said that there wouldnt be any more worries about the strikes. But in 1926 we know that there was a General Strike in Britain. He talks about the Titanic being a spectacular ship with every luxury and it is absolutely unsinkable. But as we know in 1912 the Titanic sunk on maiden voyage and 1,513 lives were lost. He also mentioned about the wars not happening. He said that the Germans dont want war. But in 1914 the First World War broke out. He said that there would peace and prosperity and rapid progress everywhere but in 1917 there was revolution in Russia. In 1939 the Second World War broke out and in 1945 the atomic bombs were dropped on Japan. This makes the audience doubt Mr Birling early on in the play. When Mr. Birling finishes his speech the Inspector enters into the scene. The Inspector is at the Birlings because there was a death of a woman Eva Smith and he had come to ask questions about her. Mr. Birling was the first person that we were led to believe started off the train of events that ultimately led to the death of Eva Smith. Mr. Birling had sacked Eva Smith from his factory after she started to cause trouble demanding higher wages. Mr Birling says that any man in his position would have done the same. She was making trouble as Mr. Birling said, She had a lot to say far too much so she had to goi. But the only thing that Mr. Birling cared about was his family and the progress of his business. He didnt care about his workers and he didnt know them. As he says in Act 1 I have a couple of hundred workers under me, who keep changing. So there wasnt a personal relationship between these two until after the workers came back from their holidays that they were asking for a pay rise. As Mr. Birling wouldnt, he sacked the ringleaders and one of them was Eva Smith. Now that Eva was sacked she was out of work for two months. She had no money and she was half starved. She had no one to help her. Her parents had died so they couldnt offer any help and her friends had nothing to offer her. But then again it wasnt the end of the world and she was capable of getting another job as we find out.

WAN Protocols Case Essay Example for Free

WAN Protocols Case Essay WAN Protocols are the standardised method of sending data between computers. The protocol will determine how the data is compressed, the error checking to be used, how the sending device will indicate that all data is sent, how the receiving device will declare its received everything. The WAN protocols are found in The Internet Protocol Suite. They are shown below in the diagram showing where they lie in the 4 layer TCP/IP Model. Sometimes, the TCP/IP protocol will be extended to include the physical layer also, but this is fairly uncommon and all protocols will work over all medias. Just like the OSI model, each protocol must pass the data down the layers to send out information and then send up the layer to receive information. So for example, the File Transfer Protocol will pass its data down to TCP which will pass it down to IT, which will pass it down to Ethernet which will place it on a physical media such as coaxial cable. To receive the data back, it must travel back through the stacks back to FTP. Each of the protocols on each stack will have its own set of tasks that it must carry out before sending the data on. Using this set group of protocols ensures that computers are capable of communicating between each other and therefore allows compatibility across devices. It is only when manufacturers stray away from these set protocols that compatibility problems will occur. Figure 1 The Protocols and their Relationship with the TCP/IP Model The OSI Model The TCP/IP Protocol suite does not directly map to the OSI model as TCP/IP relies on four layers and the OSI model uses 7. The top three layers of the OSI model map straight to the Application, Presentation and the Session layers of the TCP/IP Suite. Most of the protocols mentioned on this information sheet are found at the application layer of the OSI model; FTP, HTTP, SNMP, Telnet are all found here. The transport layer, containing UTP and TCP is the same on both models. The network layer is the actual Internet Protocol, as well as a few older alternatives such as X.25. The data link layer is the same and are the protocols controlling the actual transfer onto the physical line which is the physical layer that does not appear on the TCP/IP model as it does not care about the physical hardware. The TCP/IP Model squishes the top three layers of the OSI Model onto a single layer. Figure 2 Protocols and their Relationships with the OSI Model Evaluation of Protocols Almost all of the protocols of the past couple of decades are still in use in one way or another. Many have gained popularity as they surpass the capabilities of their older equivalents and some are a lot less common than they used to be. As the uses of WANs become more complicated, so must the protocols being used to provide the services expected. In general, older versions of protocols have been phased out and replaced by updated versions with new capabilities for the WANs they are placed on. HTTP is the standard method of transferring all sorts of webpage across the web. To do this it must reach across to servers to ask for data and then present it using whatever protocol the page is displayed in. For example, a HTML page must be displayed in HTML. A page linking to a zip file will require an unzip based program to handle it. FTP is an unsecured method of transferring files across the network. It is not considered a good method for secure documents to be sent as any security that has been added can very easily be decrypted and the contents can easily be viewed. All information sent along with the file, for example: passwords or destination are not encrypted and are sent in standard text. This means that anybody with access to the network could pull the file down and check its contents. It sends the file without checking with the other computer if the entire file has been received. Some clients will add an extra level on top of the FTP file that can calculate and check for file completion but this has to be enforced by both clients and is infrequently used. FTP is not really suitable for regular business situations. FTP replaces Simple File Transfer Protocol. Telnet is a method of connecting two computers together via a remote connection. Usually, the connection is aimed at a headless server. Once the connection is established using Telnet software, the user has access as though they are in front of that computer. SSH has vastly replaced Telnet because of its security problems across networks that are untrusted. Telnet is frequently used in troubleshooting situations where the required software is not available on both computers. Telnet is generally not used so much by businesses anymore as it has been superseded by SSH in most secure network situations. SMTP is a text based protocol where everything in the email is bundled together and sent. The email is sent to a remote server which pushes the email down to the specific DNS. It relies on DNS to find the correct domain name for the recipient and then filters to find the correct username at that domain. As it is a push protocol and not a pull protocol like POP3 or IMAP, it usually requires other protocols to work alongside it. SMPT does not however, have a successor and is considered a staple protocol in the TCP/IP Protocol family. SNMP is the network management protocol. It relies on a systems being managed by other systems. A piece of software called an agent runs on the user computers and this sends information back to the managing systems via SNMP. The system is designed to monitor available resources and to keep a check on how the users computers are acting. When this protocol was first developed i.e. SNMPv1, its role was simple just to simply monitor the network. It included no security or integrity to ensure that the data being requested was from the correct computers and hadnt been tampered with in transit apart from an unencrypted password and so was constantly criticized for its security problems. SNMPv2 improved slightly on this issue, and enhanced security was also added. The ability to talk between two managing systems also added the ability to check the integrity of the data being sent as it was possible to check past behaviour against new behaviour. The newest version, SNMPv3 which was released in 2004, adds this extra layer of security for managements piece of mind. This means that it is the securest version to date and is therefore considered industry standard with all old versions being deemed obsolete. NNTP is the standard protocol for reading and posting Usenet submissions. The last update was in 2006 and this further improved the protocol and ensures that it stays the standard method of accessing newsgroups. This protocol is popular with the types of businesses that require access the news posting sites these are particularly popular with computing based businesses. The IMAP protocol is capable only reading and so is not a viable alternative. X.25 is a packet switching protocol that predates IP. It is still found in situations where an extremely reliable system is required such as EPOS systems that allow businesses to take debit and credit cards. It is also popular in the developing world where it the cheapest and most reliable method of connecting to the internet. It is much slower than IP as it requires all of its packets to be received before moving the packets again. IP is the current industry standard packet switching method and was designed in 1981. It is a network level protocol that splits data into packets, addresses them and sends them forward. IP works closely with TCP to ensure that the data packets are received correctly as it sends the packets without ensuring they are received. All other protocols will work through IP as it converts upper layer data into packets. IPv4 is the current version in use, but users are being encouraged to move towards IPv6 as it allows more addresses to be used.

Google; the most popular and most exciting company

Google; the most popular and most exciting company Google Google is indubitably the most popular and most exciting company in the world today. According to its corporate website, its mission is to â€Å"organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful† (Google, 2010). Google ranked first place in Fortune Magazines annual â€Å"Best Companies to Work For,† besting other top companies for two consecutive years, in 2007 and 2008. The most cited reason its performance as a top employer is because of its internal company culture. Google is the ultimate global company and is described as â€Å"high-energy, fast paced work environment† (Google, 2010). On its website, its policy of â€Å"favoring ability over experience† rings true as the employees of Google are all college degree holders at the very least. Because Google is oriented toward its â€Å"youthful† internet-savvy market, the average age of its employees is noticeably lower than most companies. The median age at Google is 3 0 years old and the gender distribution is 65% male and 35% female (Linkedin, 2010). The dress code is â€Å"casual† and laid-back because the company values ability and hard work, not appearance. Google has a very engaging company culture. Its headquarters at Google Mountain View, CA called Googleplex is designed to be have a â€Å"campus-like† feel attuned to its predominantly young college-level fresh recruits (Google, 2010). There are several facilities in Googleplex such as a cafà ©, snack rooms that are well-stocked, and a cafà ©. There is also a great degree of independence for Google engineers because of the so-called 20% program. Engineers can devote 20% of the total number of work hours on projects that truly interest them . This policy reduces the level of stress as well as promotes creative thinking. Despite being a global business, Google executives say they try to maintain a â€Å"small company feel† and treat everyone equally (Google, 2010). Dur ing lunches, everyone eats at the office cafà ©, we still maintain a small company feel. At lunchtime, almost everyone eats in the office cafà © and the environment is kept casual in order to allow Googlers to interact and share ideas with other teams. There are plenty of perks available for employees. Google have shared cubicles, laptops for everybody, bicycles/scooters for inter-office travels during meetings, massage chairs, dogs, inflatable balls and dogs. There are also assorted recreational activities and facilities such as pool tables, foosball, ping pong tables, video games, pianos, and even yoga classes. Employee groups devoted to all sorts of interests are also encouraged. Nutrition is emphasized with healthy lunches offered at the cafà ©. Company Profile Google has expanded from a two-man team in 1998. Although based in Mountain View, California, Google has over 20,000 employees offices in 57 countries all over the world (Linkedin, 2010). In the US alone, Google offices are located in almost all major cities. Google specializes in Internet-based products and services and derives most of its revenue from advertising profits via the Adwords application. It is most famous for its search engine Google, ranked by Alexa as â€Å"the Internets most visited website† (Alexa, 2009). Its products include email software Gmail, social networking tools like ORKUT and Buzz, desktop applications, web browser Google Chrome, photo editing software, Googletalk instant messaging, and the Android mobile phone (Google, 2010). Googles main competitors are the topnotch tech companies that are competing for the most innovative products to introduce to the world market: Apple, Microsoft, Amazon.com, Facebook, Twitter, Mozilla, Yahoo, Cisco, IBM, and No kia (Global Thoughtz, 2010). Recruitment at Google is famous for being a tough process. Acceptance of applications are based on interviews and college grades. There are also allegations that the company recruits only those below 30 (Logan, 2009). Candidates undergo multiple face interviews and are judged mainly on college academic performance. Google has an â€Å"unlimited sick leave policy† and requires employees to work hard only â€Å"70 percent of the time† (Google, 2010). References Alexa (2009). â€Å"Google.coms worldwide traffic rank.† Retrieved from http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/google.com Linkedin. (2010). â€Å"Google.† Retrieved from http://www.linkedin.com/companies/google Global Thoughtz Technology (2010). â€Å"10 Toughest Competitors for Google.† Retrieved from http://technology.globalthoughtz.com/index.php/10-toughest-competitors-of-google-in-2010/ Google (2010). â€Å"The Google Culture.† Retrieved from http://www.google.com/corporate/culture.html Logan, G. (2008). â€Å"Google hiring policy is key to its success as best place to work in UK.† Retrieved from http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/2008/06/02/46091/google-hiring-policy-is-key-to-its-success-as-best-place-to-work-in-uk.html

Environmental Issues Essay -- Essays on the Environment

The topics of: Energy, agriculture, pollution and climate change, biodiversity, and random miscellaneous environmental incongruities bring up some of the most crucial concerns of today's environmental issues. There is so much going on in today's world revolving around environmental concerns, and the information in newspapers serve as a great informational tool to inform the economy of what is going on around them and possibly what they can do to help. The environmental issues associated with the development and use of oil, gas, nuclear power, electricity, and wind/solar power fall under the category of "Energy." Energy is one of the most important issues there are, as energy is what makes the world work and act productively/efficiently. The absence of gas, oil, or electricity would put the world at a standstill and leave us stuck in the past, technology wise because these energy resources are needed for manufacturing, transportation, and to keep the world alive. Analyzing all the articles revolving around energy issues, I would say the majority are directly correlated with the politics in energy. Between the British Energy concerns, OPEC's debates on oil production, and the Texas Energy company's random donations, it's hard to tell who to trust when it comes to energy concerns. Many businesses seem to be caught up in fraud nowadays or bankruptcy and trust lies in very few companies' possession as not many can be trusted with money or decisive actions. Also, the occasional rise in prices on oil and other energy resources are all to common as countries hoard environmental resources in attempt to gain profit through a meager controlled sale. Agriculture is also among the primary concerns of the world. Agric... ...dia's representation of environmental issues was great, as they covered all areas, gave great stories and really knew what they were writing about, with no bias that I could interpret. The New York Times was the most substantial news source as they had articles for everything and very detailed at that, while the democrat and chronicle had barely anything on their website and it was quite a task to find anything on any of the topics. I believe this is because The New York Times is a much bigger newspaper than the Democrat and Chronicle. I have learned so much from engaging in this assignment. I have never analyzed newspaper articles so much and discovered such a large array of information revolving around environmental issues. It is amazing how many concerns there are in today's world and how much more everyone could do to help, if only everyone realized that.

Comparing Natural Law to Legal Realism in the case of Carlton versus Wa

In the case of Carlton vs. Walkovzsky, I will discuss facts, main legal issues, majority decisions and reasons for the dissent. This case took place on September 26, 1966 in the court of Appeals of New York. Judge Fuld J wrote the majority decision, while Judge Keating wrote the dissenting decision in the case. I will be applying Natural Law and Legal Realism to the case to argue my position, and ultimately prove that the theory of Natural Law is more applicable to the case. According to the facts in this case, Walkovszky was hit by a cab four years ago in New York and the cab was negligently operated by defendant Marches. The defendant Carlton, who is being sued, owned and ran the cab company in which he set up ten corporations, including Seon. Each of the corporations had two cabs registered in its name. The minimum automobile liability insurance required by the law was $10,000. According to the opinion of the court the plaintiff asserted that he is also ?entitled to hold their stock holder personally liable for damages, because multiple corporate structures constitutes an unlawful attempt to defraud the general member of the public.? The main legal issue before the court arises, in determining whether liability should be extended to reach assets beyond those belonging to the corporation and whether the corporate veil should be pierced with regard to personal liability to others. Judge Flud wrote the majority decision in the case, and found that Carlton was not personally liable for the damages to Walkovszky. Flud also found that in his reasoning, Walkovsky has ?failed to state a valid cause of action against defendant Carlton?. Flud states that if the corporation ... ...ook at the fact that he had enough money to put forward to his liability insurance. However, he chose not to and he stayed with the minimum amount, which Carlton knew would not be enough to cover any sufficient damages of an injury. In referring Legal Realism to this case, Legal Realism can be defined as the way judges formulate law from their own personal conception of justice, not from precedent or rules. Each decision involves a personal choice. Judge Flud gave the majority decision in the case and his decision is that Carlton came from a higher background. Flud?s background already holds a high status in society, therefore it affected his decision in the case in favor of Carlton and not Walkovszky. This higher status enabled Fuld to appreciate Carlton?s perspective and what it might mean if Walkovszky was able to piece the corporate veil.

A Rhetorical Analysis of Article in Medical Journal Essay -- Literary

Family Psychoeducation for Schizophrenia has previously been supported in treatment recommendations and guidelines for best practise in hospitals. In their review of 15 new studies in the area, Lisa Dixon M.D (University of Maryland), Curtis Adams M.D (University of Maryland) and Alicia Luckstead M.D (University of Maryland) reinforce support for family psychoeducation for schizophrenia. The review â€Å"Update on Family Psychoeducation for Schizophrenia† aims to persuade the readership of the effectiveness of family psychoeducation and its remaining relevance. This is achieved in manner of ways. Credibility of the study is established a number of rhetorical techniques. These include using the author’s professional affiliations, citations from expert authorities, use of statistics, acknowledgment of limitations and comparison. Language and structure of the article are also discussed as rhetorical techniques used to enhance the authors arguments. â€Å"Update on Family Psychoeducation for Schizophrenia† was published in the March 2000 issue of the Schizophrenia Bulletin by Oxford Journals. Schizophrenia Bulletin is written for medical academics specialising in the field of Schizophrenia and assumes a background understanding of the field. However it is aimed at â€Å"the widest possible audience† (Oxford Journals, para 2, 2012) and thus seeks readership of those involved in the field, in a less medical nature also. The article begins by establishing the credibility of the authors. Their professional competency is established through the acknowledgement of their professional affiliations. These professional affiliations and subsequent status increases their credibility in terms of their authority and knowledge on the subject. Lisa... ...yout of the article also further enhanced the author’s argument, in following AMA guidelines. This method of presentation, of the author’s beliefs allowed for succinct informing of the reader. The efficacy and relevance of Psychoeducation and why it should ensure Psychoeducation's place in best practise hospital guidelines is competently argued and clearly presented throughout the article . Reference List: Dixon, L., Adams, C., & Luxsted A. (2000) Update on Family psychoeducation for Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26 (1) 5-2. Lehman, A. F., Lieberman, J. A., & Dixon, L. B. (2004) Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, . American Journal of Psychiatry, 161 (2) 1 -56. Oxford University Press. (2012) About Us. Retrived 2012, May 10 from http://www.oxfordjournals.org/about_us.html

Manage Recruitment, Selection & Induction Essay

Question 1: Explain the role of probation as part of the recruitment process. All new staff employees are required to serve a probationary period. The probationary period allows the Department and the employee the opportunity to assess each others suitability. It is the responsibility of the Supervisor to continually review the services of staff on probation. An employee must be consulted if there are any problems with performance. Question 2: Explain the term ‘merit selection’ and its implication on equal employment opportunity. Selection based on merit is where the best possible match is made between qualifications, knowledge, skills, abilities and relevant experience of the applicants, and the selection criteria in the Position Description. When assessing applicants, only selection criteria are taken into account; that is, unlawful discrimination based on other applicant characteristics must not occur. In the case of casual and sessional staff, merit is determined by assessing applicants qualifications, skills, knowledge and experience against the duties to be performed. Question 3: Explain the relevant terms and conditions of employment. Not every code of practice of the employer which is referenced within the contract may have any force, but rather, can be used as a guideline. Therefore, when considering whether or not a specific document imposes contractual obligations, the test to be applied in determining intention, is whether a reasonable person would come to the conclusion that the person making the promise, had the intention of being bound by the statement. Question 4: Explain at least 2 valid psychometric testing that you can use in your selection process. Aptitude or Ability Tests Aptitude or ability tests provide information on a person’s ability to perform certain tasks and their potential to learn and understand new information and tasks. The tests cover skills such as: Verbal reasoning (critical evaluation of written information) Comprehension/grammar Numerical reasoning (logical interpretation of numerical and statistical information) Abstract, mechanical or spatial reasoning (pattern recognition) Information checking (checking errors / attention to detail tasks) IQ (how quickly you can learn and master a new task) They can be designed to indicate suitability for specific tasks eg computing, keyboard or foreign?language skills. Work style questionnaires (personality/motivation/Emotional Intelligence) Work style questionnaires or inventories are concerned with how you typically behave, such as?the way you relate to others or the way you approach and solve problems. They generally?explore personality characteristics relevant to the world of work. To answer the questions you often need to think about what you would do in a work situation. If you have no formal work experience, think about how you behave in similar situations such as voluntary work, university activities or when you are participating in your hobbies. Work style questionnaires look at factors such as: Ways of thinking, feeling and acting in different situations Interpersonal style, conflict style, leadership style Patterns of coping with stress Interests – how much do you like carrying out various types of activities at work. Motivations – look at the energy with which you approach your work, and the different conditions which increase or decrease your motivation. Work values– what factors make work worthwhile for you How you interpret your own and others emotions and behaviours Question 5: A. Explain the term outsourcing? Outsourcing is the act of one company contracting with another company to provide services that might otherwise be performed by in-house employees. Often the tasks that are outsourced could be performed by the company itself, but in many cases there are financial advantages that come from outsourcing. Many large companies now outsource jobs such as call center services, e-mail services, and payroll. These jobs are handled by separate companies that specialize in each service, and are often located overseas. b. What functions can Human Resources outsource in terms of recruitment selection and induction, please states advantages and disadvantages of each. Functions include: – Employee assistance/counseling – Retirement planning help – Pension administration – Temporary staffing – Background checks – Training and management development programs – Executive development and coaching – Health care benefits administration – Employee benefit administration – Payroll – Risk management – Executive staffing – Employee relocation – HRIS selection, training implementation – Recruitment – Executive compensation and incentive plans – Policy writing – Administration of compensation/incentive plans – Wage and salary administration Advantages Brings new ideas/talent into the organization get needed competencies Helps organization get needed competencies Provides cross-industry insights May reduce training costs Helps organization meet equal employment opportunity/affirmative action goals Disadvantages May result in misp lacements? Increases recruitment costs? May cause morale problems for internal candidates? Requires longer orientation or adjustment time Question 6: Research the following links to assist you in your answer. a) What is the role of the HREOC? Leading the promotion and protection of human rights in Australia by: Making human rights values part of everyday life and language. Empowering all people to understand and exercise their human rights. Working with individuals, community, business and government to inspire action. Keeping government accountable to national and international human rights standards. Securing an Australian charter of rights. b) What types of complaint can you make to the Commission The Australian Human Rights Commission can investigate and resolve complaints of discrimination, harassment and bullying based on a person’s: Sex, including pregnancy, marital status, breastfeeding, family responsibilities and sexual harassment Disability, including temporary and permanent disabilities; physical, intellectual, sensory, psychiatric disabilities, diseases or illnesses; medical conditions; work related injuries; past, present and future disabilities; and association with a person with a disability Race, including colour, descent, national or ethnic origin, immigrant status and racial hatred Age, covering young people and older people sexual preference, criminal record, trade union activity, political opinion, religion or social origin (in employment only) c) Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986 Grounds of discrimination – Breaches of human rights by any Commonwealth body or agency and discrimination in employment on the basis of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction, social origin, age, medical record, criminal record, marital status, impairment, disability, nationality, sexual preference, trade union activity. Areas covered – Commonwealth body or agency; employment and occupation. Process for decision making – Complaint must be in writing. It is then assessed and if within jurisdiction is investigated. If complaint is not declined, conciliation is attempted. If it cannot be conciliated, the Commission prepares a report to the federal Attorney General who then tables the report in Parliament. Question 7 : Summarise the national 10 privacy principles. There are ten National Privacy Principles (NPPs) that regulate how private sector organizations manage personal information. They cover the collection, use and disclosure, and secure management of personal information. They also allow individuals to access that information and have it corrected if it is wrong. NPP 1: collection – Describes what an organization should do when collecting personal information and what is told to the individual on collection. NPP 2: use and disclosure – Outlines how organization discloses and uses individual personal information. Under certain conditions and organization doesn’t always need the individuals consent to disclose personal information. NPPs 3 & 4: information quality and security – An organisation must take steps to ensure the personal information it holds is accurate and up-to-date, and is kept secure from unauthorised use or access. NPP 5: openness – An organisation must have a policy on how it manages personal information, and make it available to anyone who asks for it. NPP 6: access and correction – Gives individuals a general right of access to their personal information, and the right to have that information corrected if it is inaccurate, incomplete or out-of-date. NPP 7: identifiers – Generally prevents an organisation from adopting an Australian Government identifier for an individual (e.g. Medicare numbers) as its own. NPP 8: anonymity – Where possible, organisations must give individuals the opportunity to do business with them without the individual having to identify themselves. NPP 9: transborder data flows – Outlines how organisations should protect personal information that they transfer outside Australia. NPP 10: sensitive information – Sensitive information includes information such as health, racial or ethnic background, or criminal record. Higher standards apply to the handling of sensitive information. Question 8: List the elements contained in a contract of employment. The full name of employer and employee The address of the employer The place of work The title of job or nature of work The date the employment started If the contract is temporary, the expected duration of the contract If the contract of employment is for a fixed term, the details Details of rest periods and breaks as required by law The rate of pay or method of calculation of pay The pay reference period for the purposes of the National Minimum Wage Act 2000 Pay intervals Hours of work That the employee has the right to ask the employer for a written statement of his/her average hourly rate of pay as provided for in the National Minimum Wage Act 2000 Details of paid leave Sick pay and pension (if any) Period of notice to be given by employer or employee Details of any collective agreements that may affect the employee’s terms of employment

Argument Analysis: America’s Real Dream Team Essay

In â€Å"America’s Real Dream team†, published in the New York Times on March 21, 2010, Thomas went to a big Washington party to attend the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search finals. To his surprise, Most of the finalists who came from American high school hailed from immigrant families, largely from Asia. Thomas declares himself a â€Å"pro-immigration† fanatic. He points out keeping a constant flow of legal immigrants is the key to make our country stronger. He also explained that the most important economic competition is between people and their own imagination. And this new idea can be used to produce commodity at a very low price by all kinds of ways, and can creates great profits for economy. Thomas Friedman used metaphor, special list, specific examples, and a sincere tone to illustrate that it is possible to make more technological and economical improvements through an open immigration policy. Thomas uses metaphors in the title to create boundless associa tion. While using metaphors, it not only attracts reader’s attention but also make a foreshadowing for readers to think about: what is America’s real dream team? After reader thinking about the comparison, it’s more convenient for him to elucidate his own view in the argument. â€Å"Dream team† is a reference to the U.S. basketball team assembled for the 1992 Olympic that contained the best players at that time. Thomas compared the young people who generate new ideas to â€Å"dream team† to imply that these young people will use the new ideas they sparked to create miracles and will become the† real dream team† in the future. Metaphors here can make the abstract easier for readers to understand, additionally, it makes the language more vivid. In addition to metaphors, Thomas made use of a special statistics to make an obvious point: most of the finalists are immigrates. Usually, the writer will use statistics in this way: there are 40 finalists in total and how many percent of them are immigrates, but Thomas listed all the names of the Intel science talent finalist. In that way, while the readers reading the names of the finalists, they can easily found that these are foreigners’ names so that they can easily conclude that most of the finalists are immigrates, It gives the readers enough time to get it before he makes the conclusion. More accurately, he makes the co nclusion with the reader together. It seems that he is communicating with the readers, and this can be more helpful for the readers to accept his argument. He then gave a specific example to  convince his thesis: â€Å"do not shut the door to immigrate† .From the statistics, the readers only know that most of the finalists are immigrates, but they do not know how outstanding exactly these immigrate are. Thomas gave us such an example: Namrata Anand, a 17year-old girl. She is a so smart student who can use spectral analysis proficiently to expose information about chemical history of â€Å"Andromeda Galaxy†. Obviously, Namrata is more outstanding than the peer students. Thomas used this example to imply that if we shut our door to immigrates, we may loss lots of young people like her, which prove the necessity of immigration. And it focuses on the theme again. Specific example here can make it easier to understand at the same time make it more persuasive. Thomas used quotes in various ways to express his view again. First of all, Thomas interviewed a biology teacher, Amanda Alonzo, a star teacher who had taught two of the finalists. Amanda told him â€Å"it was resources provided by her school, extremely â€Å"supportive parents† and a grant from Intel that let her spend part of each day inspiring and preparing students to enter his contest.† Amanda is a successful teacher, what she said is very persuasive to the readers, and Thomas quotes her words to demonstrate immigrate is a kind of good source. In the second place, Thomas quotes what spokeswoman said: â€Å"don’t sweat about the problems our generation will have to deal with. Believe me, our future is in good hand.† As a representative of all finalists, what she said can represent what all finalists said adequately. And most of the finalists are immigrates, it proves that if we open the door to immigrates, we can get more excellent talents to solve the problems together. Besides, Thomas makes additions â€Å"as long as we don’t shut our door.† to make it more persuasive: as long as we keep a constant rate of immigra tes, we’ll be more competitive and we will surely don’t need to worry about what we will be facing tomorrow. In a word, quotes here can provide the evidence for the argument. The author use a sincere tone to argue that we should keep our door open to the immigrates. Sincere tones can make the reader more comfortable. If Thomas write like† we must keep the door open to the immigrates† instead, it will only let the readers feel disgusted. And sincere tone shows that he give an advice sincerely, which can be more easily accepted by others. Thomas used metaphors, special statistics, specific examples, quotes and a sincere tone to announce that we can keep improving technology and the  economy, as long as we don’t shut our door to immigration. Metaphor make the language more vivid and metaphor in title can impress the readers more. Special statistics here can close to the readers and let the reader find the problems themselves. Specific examples here can make it easier for the readers to understand the thesis deeply, quotes can makes the language more concise and a sincere tone can make it easier to accept the view. Thomas use them in combination to get his thesis step by step.

Of all the characters in the Crucible Essay

Of all the characters in the Crucible, John Proctor is perhaps the most admirable. He has strong personal principles and the courage to stand by them. Proctor strives to do what is right. He tries very hard to please Elizabeth because his affair with Abigail Williams has left him with a guilty conscience. In Act 2, he compliments Elizabeth’s rabbit stew, even though much of it is his own work. † It’s well seasoned, † he says. He labors constantly, for her well being, believing that this will make their relationship successful. Proctors first appearance, in Act 1, is his arrival from chopping wood in the forest. During much of Act 1 he is working. For example, he returns from a hunting trip and from planting seeds in his garden, on a cold winters day. Proctor believes in discipline and can be very strict if he needs to. As is illustrated in Act 2. Mary Warren disobeys him and goes to the Salem trials as an official. On her return, he scolds her shouting, â€Å"I’ll official you†¦ I’ll whip the devil out of you! † He is against the trials, perhaps because he was never a strong Christian. In Act 2 he is told to recite the Ten Commandments. He starts, â€Å"Thou shalt not steal†¦covet thy neighbours goods†¦ make unto thee any graven image†¦ bear false witness†¦ make unto thee any graven image. † finally stuttering and failing. We get an insight to his values in Act 2, when he shows his disapproval of the Salem Witch trials, saying: â€Å"It’s a strange work†¦ to hang old women†. This is further illustrated, later in the same act, when his wife, Elizabeth, learns that she is accused of witchcraft. Proctor, deeply shocked, becomes very protective towards her. He says that they shall resist the charges and that â€Å"There will be no noose†¦fear nothing†. Johns courage to stick by his beliefs is illustrated at the end of Act 2, when he stands up to court officials in a struggle to oppose the charges against his wife. He tears up the arrest warrant, throws out the officials and rages â€Å"Damn the Deputy Governor! Out of my house! † At the end of the play, in Act 4, John faces the ultimate test of his courage and moral values when he is faced with signing the document, where to lie would save his life. Proctor cannot sign the lie and exclaims: â€Å"Because it is my name! †¦ Because I lie and sign myself to lies! † Abigail Williams is undoubtedly the most despicable character in the play. Her young and innocent appearance conceals a sly, selfish and callous girl. Abigail had once been John Proctor’s lover, but was then rejected. She cannot bear the fact that John no longer loves her the way that she believes he used to, and that he wants to pretend that nothing ever happened. In Act 1, John says to her: â€Å"Wipe it out of mind. We never touched. † Abigail is a deceitful person who does not care about the outcome of her actions. Her envy leads her to make false accusations against Elizabeth Proctor. She is a skillful liar. This is illustrated in Act 3 when Abigail, after purposely wounding herself, argues, in court, against Elizabeth saying: â€Å"I have been hurt Mr Danforth†¦ I done my duty pointing out the devil’s people – and this is my reward? To be mistrusted, denied, questioned†¦? Abigail has a bad name in the village because she is often seen doing mysterious things, such as conjuring spirits and more generally because of her malevolent character. This is illustrated in Act 1 where Betty exclaims, â€Å"you did, you did! You drank a charm to kill John Proctors wife! † Abigail then smashes Betty across the face and shouts â€Å"shut it, shut it! † As the thoughts and ideas of witchcraft and devil worship spread through Salem, Abigail finds an easy way to get rid of her enemies without degrading her name any further. By accusing them, or convincing others to accuse, Abby is able to place many innocent people on trial for witchcraft. An example of this occurs at the end of Act 3, when Abigail, having convinced an assembly of girls to help her accuse Mary Warren, manipulates the situation. The assembly slowly descends into a screaming crisis, which makes Mary sound like a mad woman. Abigail uses this technique many times in the play. On this occasion, Mary Warren blames Proctor to save her life. The underlying evil of mindless persecution pervades this play. There are many characters to admire and despise. Abigail Williams deserves some sympathy, as she was callously cast aside by Proctor. Nevertheless, her decent into evil, surpasses them all Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Native American Culture Essay

Estrangement is the state of being withdrawn or isolated from the objective world, as through indifference or disaffection. Ill-advisedly, the protagonist from â€Å"The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven† is forever bound in this state of mind. His internal conflicts enthrall between fighting for his Native American ethnicity, and, finding his purpose to this world. This link between the two becomes a challenge due to his pessimistic, and protective attitude for his race. The narrator’s volatile actions imply his frustration towards the discrimination against his native Spokane reservation heritage. The protagonists’ Native American upbringing intertwined with White culture challenges his Red and White thinking. The protagonists’ family style upbringing has distilled values that are outlived in his Native American identity. Unfortunately, the protagonist is quite protective of his Native American descent. In fact, his view of people is quite pessimistic towards the Native American race. This rigidness to his ethnicity is foretold in two parts. As humans, we are first born with an identity that is kept close to us, such as Native American, African American, or Grecian. Although we are born with uniqueness; the values we instill to our race are brought about through parent’s effort in raising their children. For Sherman Alexie, he’d developed a cynical character who bares strong connections to his Native American race. The protagonist’s existence and demeanor is uncanny because he’d been destined for a life of prosperity through public schooling and a college education. Found here, â€Å"But I was special, a former college student, a smart kid. I was one of those Indians who was supposed to make it. I was a new kind of warrior. † This quote reveals his sense of insecurity concerning his life thus far and how he has not lived up to his expectations. â€Å"The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven† exposes a few scenes where the main character is fighting for ethical freedom outside of Spokane. The protagonist’s discriminative experiences begin at a convenience store in Seattle where he feels like a predator lurking amongst his preys. As stated, â€Å"He looked me over so he could describe me to the police later. † The protagonist was familiar with this wicked look; as he’d lost a close relationship to its devilish hands once before. His loss began like this, â€Å"When one person starts to look at another like a criminal, then the love is over. † As Native American, these adverse impressions occur randomly as seen through the Police incident. In this scene, the protagonist had been pulled over in a wealthy neighborhood by the police officer, â€Å"You’re making people nervous. You don’t fit the profile of the neighborhood. † This was a friendly way of saying; you are not wanted in this area, please leave. These occurrences are upsetting to the narrator as they have affected his view of Whites. As the protagonist becomes disgusted with life, he packs his belongings and heads home to Spokane in Washington State. While home, he realizes that connecting to his family and finding peace is not easy. His weak-minded thinking is foreseen here,† They’d been expecting me back the day I left for Seattle. There’s an old Indian poet who said that Indians can reside in the city, but they can never live there. † In fact, while living in Seattle, his dreams became nightmares of a vivid war scene between the Red’s and Whites. The Indians became slaughtered by the Whites and at one point, â€Å"Three mounted soldiers played polo with a dead Indian woman’s head. † This graphic image stays with him as he found accounts of this madness occurred in the old west and in parts of the world today. The protagonist’s dreams and Native American ethnicity have instilled protective beliefs to his ethnicity and real life demeanor towards others. Although he’s strong-willed concerning his background, insecurity remains present. One instance occurs where he starts a job in Spokane at the local high school exchange program. He answers phone calls and asks himself, â€Å"Sometimes I wonder if the people on the other end of the line know that I’m Indian and if their voices would change if they did know. † His insecurity exponentially evolves to every facet in his life and only exacerbates his pessimistic attitude. The cynical behavior by the protagonist has incurred due to several discriminatory experiences. One being, the protagonist’s cup is full; which allows him to believe this Red vs. White rivalry will never change. Because of his ignorance, he leaves no trust to anyone and is forced to run when he encounters discrimination. One situation that symbolizes the protagonist’s doubtful thoughts is encountered at his hometown basketball court. He comes home to find the new BIA chief’s White kid named Jimmy Seyler who can play ball. â€Å"And he could play. He played Indian ball, fast and loose, better than all the Indians there. † That night, Jimmy whooped on every Indian who played Basketball. I recognize this as a change of tone and direction in the protagonist’s life. At this point in time, he realizes that he must submit to his Red vs. White rivalry in order to move forward in his life. Just as Jimmy will advance and become an NBA star, the gap between the two races, White and Indian will only become larger. Indian’s will control the small reservation plains out West while the White culture advances to become a powerhouse figure in the United States of America. Hereafter this epiphany, the protagonist’s life begins to move forward as he starts a new job and connects with his ex-girlfriend once again. .

An Experiment to Determine Values for Velocity and Momentum

An Experiment to Determine Values for Velocity and Momentum Abstract In this experiment we determined values for kinetic energy and momentum of a system both before and after elastic and inelastic collisions. Using the values for initial velocity and mass we then calculated values for the final velocities and compared that to our experimental values. Questions Answers In case of elastic collisions, what would happen if m1 is much, much larger than m2? Conversely, what would happen if m1 is much, much smaller than m2? If m1 is much larger than m2 the loss of momentum for m1 will be close to 0. For our experiment m1 will have a final velocity that is very close to it’s initial velocity (consistent with the maintained momentum). The final velocity of m2 will be greater than m1, as it experiences the force of m1. If m1 is much smaller than m2 it will maintain most of it’s momentum from impacting m2, but the velocity of m1 will change directions. The final velocity of m2 will be close to 0 as the force of m1 will not be great enough to overcome static friction. In your lab manual the equations 4.4 and 4.5 give the final velocities of the two objects in terms of the initial velocity and the masses. Now, are the final velocities you found in your trials consistent with these equations? For trial 1 of elastic collision, v0 = 0.3 m/s, and m1 = 250g and m2 = 250g, the formula for final velocity of m1, (v1) is calculated as: v1 = v0*((m1-m2)/(m1+m2)) v1 = 0.3*((250-250)/(250+250)) v1 = 0 v2 is calculated using the formula for v2: v2 = 2*v0*(m1/(m1+m2)) v2 = 2*0.3*(250/500) v2 = 0.3 The experimental value for v1 and v2 of trial 1 were 0 and 0.29 respectively, these values are consistent with the calculated values shown above. For trial 2 of elastic collision, v0 = 0.36 m/s, and m1 = 500g and m2 = 250g, the formula for final velocity of m1, (v1) is calculated as: v1 = v0*((m1-m2)/(m1+m2)) v1 = 0.36*((500-250)/(500+250)) v1 = 0.12 v2 is calculated using the formula for v2: v2 = 2*v0*(m1/(m1+m2)) v2 = 2*0.36*(500/750) v2 = 0.48 The experimental value for v1 and v2 of trial 1 were 0.11 and 0.46 respectively, these values are consistent with the calculated values shown above. For trial 3 of elastic collision, v0 = 0.29 m/s, and m1 = 250g and m2 = 500g, the formula for final velocity of m1, (v1) is calculated as: v1 = v0*((m1-m2)/(m1+m2)) v1 = 0.29*((250-500)/(250+500)) v1 = -0.10 v2 is calculated using the formula for v2: v2 = 2*v0*(m1/(m1+m2)) v2 = 2*0.29*(250/750) v2 = 0.19 The experimental value for v1 and v2 of trial 1 were -0.07 and 0.17 respectively, these values are consistent with the calculated values shown above. Using the velocities, make a TABLE for the momentum and kinetic energy of each PAScar before and after collision? Calculate the percent difference between TOTAL final and initial momenta and kinetic energy in each trial, and comment on the conservation of momentum and conservation of energy. Initial Final % difference Trial p Ke p Ke % difference p % difference Ke Elastic m1=m2 75 22.5 72.5 21.025 3.33% 6.56% Elastic m1m2 180 64.8 170 58.95 5.56% 9.03% Elastic m1m2 72.5 21.025 67.5 15.675 6.9% 25.4% Inelastic m1=m2 115 52.9 105 22.05 8.7% 58.3% For the elastic collision trials momentum and kinetic energy are mostly conserved, ideally they would be completely conserved, but our system is not isolated. Other forces are present which prevent us from obtaining perfect results. In the inelastic collision trial momentum is still conserved (mostly) even though kinetic energy is lost, this is because momentum is not converted as kinetic energy is. The impact of the cars in the inelastic trial converts over half of the kinetic energy into thermal energy. For the elastic collision trials we do not observe this loss except for in trial 3 where the force of the magnets is not strong enough to keep the vehicles from impacting. In the inelastic collision, why do you need to measure only one final velocity? Because the masses are joined together upon impact which quickly equalizes their velocities. As the joined masses travel along the track yielding a single final velocity. In the inelastic collision, why do you think the kinetic energy is not conserved? The energy is converted to another form of energy (thermal) during the collision. Specifically, it is because the two objects are impacting one another that the kinetic energy is converted and not conserved. What physical law(s) predicts the conservation of momentum? Explain briefly and clearly. This is predicted by Newton’s 3rd law which talks about action-reaction pairs. The sum of the forces in a closed system will be 0 as each force has a force that is directly counter to it. For momentum this holds true as well because momentum is essentially a product of force. In the case of inelastic collisions, what would happen if m1 is much, much larger than m2? Conversely, what would happen if m1 is much, much smaller than m2? The formula for the final velocity of an inelastic collision is as follows: v12 = v0*(m1/(m1+m2)) Looking at the formula you can see that as you increase m1 to much larger values, m2 becomes insignificant and m1/(m1+m2) begins to approach 1, this also means that it will approach the final velocity (v12). For our purposes this indicates that the final velocity will nearly equal the initial velocity. If m1 is much smaller than m2 then m1/(m1+m2) will begin to approach 0 as will the final velocity. Imagine the PAScars m1 and m2 are both on the track, at rest, and with their bumpers touching each other. The mass m1 = 2 m2. A firecracker is placed between the bumpers and explodes, sending the PAScars in opposite directions. What was the initial momentum of the system (before the explosion)? What can you say about the final momentum of the system? The initial momentum is 0 as we know that p=mv, and the velocity of cars and firecracker was 0. The final momentum of the system will also be 0 if we were to sum each vector of momentum in the system. Conclusion The calculated values for final velocity and momentum had very low percentage error when compared to theoretical values. This is sufficient enough to illustrate the concepts of the lab. Our system for collisions was imperfect in that is was not a closed system and was therefore susceptible to outside forces.

Classical Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Classical Mythology - Essay Example He writes: "As a guiding principle I believe that every poem must be its own sole freshly created universe, and therefore have no belief in 'tradition' or a common myth-kitty... To me the whole of the ancient world, the whole of classical and biblical mythology, means very little, and I think that using them today not only fills poems full of dead spots but dodges the poet's duty to be original." (Larkin 1983:69) Larkin has a right to his view but from what we have witnessed, literature from Renaissance till today is in awe of Greek and Roman mythological characters. And when we discuss mythology, we simply cannot ignore the role played by Homer in reinforcing myths. And one of his key epics dealing with images of classical mythology was Iliad. In this paper, we shall focus on the role of heroism in ancient world with reference to Iliad and how a modern hero borrows from ancient definition of a hero. Homer's Iliad presents the oldest yet most enduring picture of hero and heroism. Who is a hero and what constitutes heroism are questions that Iliad answers but in a manner which may not appeal to modern sensibilities. For us today, hero is a man of who is sensitive, courageous and responsible with compassion for the community. However apart from courage, no other attribute mattered for construction of a heroic figure in Greek epics of ancient times. Homer follows tradition when he creates heroe s and develops a heroic code in his work Iliad but there are occasions where the poet tried to deviate from conventional picture of a hero and from these deviations emerge a new and more reformed image of heroism. A modern day hero borrows from ancient picture of a hero in terms of enduring courage. However a serious distinction must be made here. When we talk about modern hero in this paper, we are only referring to modern mythical heroes like superman and Spiderman and not necessarily heroes in ordinary literature. This distinction is made because while in the ancient plays, heroes were people with extraordinary courage and strength, in modern literature, a protagonist is called a hero and he can be as weak or flawed as any ordinary person. Fishwick explains this difference in these words: "Different ages and cultures vary the heroic personality, but all heroes are true to their age. Whatever their situation, the motives they urge are elementary, the morality they advocate is obvious. History is not very effective without people, and people are ineffective without leaders. The search for heroes is inherent in human nature. Pre-literate societies allow men, heroes, and gods to stand on a footing of tolerable equality. In remote areas of the world men are still deified in their own lifetime. The idea of aloofness in super-human power comes late in history." (Fishwicck, 1954: 3) Homer's ideal hero may have many shades but he is invariably a traditional image of ruthless ambition and unbridled courage at least for most of the epic: "Everywhere can be found, reshaped according to shifting cultural standards, the ideal hero, chevalier sans pear et sans reproached, the crafty hero, the boaster, the grim and aging warrior, the slightly buffoonish hero, the aged king, the warrior virgin, the wise counselor, or the young reckless fighter." (Cedric H. Whitman: p. 26) Homer's heroes most notably, Achilles and Agamemnon were products of a society that weighed a man's worth in terms of public honor.

How does decentralised cooperation help Asian cities adopt and Essay

How does decentralised cooperation help Asian cities adopt and implement the integrated approaches to urban heritage conservation by setting up the appropriate - Essay Example cooperation strategy precede the actual live case study of a successful development cooperation between the cities of Chinon and Luang Prabang.The case study exemplifies that the ten year old development cooperation was a success owing to active funding, lively and positive political will, international and domestic partnering, involvement and empowering of local population, creation of a regulatory framework, creation of an accountable and audited nation wide system of organizations entrusted with the task of urban regeneration integrated with harmonious protection of cultural heritage and proper system of regeneration and conservation skills transfer and training. Further discussions reveal that many Asian cities can benefit by replicating the Chinon and Luang Prabang model. The paper suggests that future research can continuously probe the need to apply this model to various regions in Asia which will not only result in harmonious urbanization of these areas without damaging their culture but also work to broaden the horizons of international partners who would also gain from the Asian context. Asia-Pacific region is privileged to possess a vast and ancient cultural heritage. For such a long time, this heritage has shaped much of the lives and value systems of the regions’ peoples. However, heritage is more than a mere historical record of the past; on the contrary, it is an integral part of the identity, and a symbol of the cultural identity of the citizens and the communities of the region. Notwithstanding this, Asia is under pressure from various influences. For one, there is globalisation and the need to modernize, two, from unabated increase in population of the region, and, three, from the burgeoning demands of tourism. As a consequence, many cities have come to recognise that their time-preserved cultural heritages are facing the danger of being destroyed in the name of economic development and modernisation. Rapid and large-scale industrialisation and

An investigation into the current success factors for small and medium Essay

An investigation into the current success factors for small and medium enterprises in Thailand - Essay Example That is, identifying those characteristics of the enterprise relating to its management, relationships with other entities, contextual variables, etc. that either lead to or contribute in some way to the enterprise being successful. This research thus makes use of the construct of ‘success factor’, which is also mentioned in the hypothesis. The success factors themselves are qualitative because they are not quantifiable. These are possible underlying factors, which could indirectly contribute to the success of the SME based on the information gathered during the literature review. Examples are as a highly knowledgeable manager or a strong link to a supportive larger enterprise so they are not apparent as such. The success however, is measurable, for example, in terms of total sales growth, number of customers, and amount of profits as done by Vichitdhanabadee et al. (2009) or volume of exports. The major research question, which derives directly from the stated purpose o f the study, has been framed as follows: What are the underlying success factors for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand?The major hypothesis that will be tested in the quantitative phase of the study will be: There is a significant degree of positive underlying success factors that are contributing to the success of the SME. We assume that it is the preponderance of underlying success factors, such as those identified in Chapter One that lead to the success of a SME. A number of null hypotheses can be constructed, as in the two examples below, for testing the validity of the major hypothesis based on measurable quantities. There is no causal relationship between the value of capital and business performance. There is no causal relationship between the size of the enterprise in terms of the number of employees and total sales. 3.3 Research design and method This study will combine both quantitative and qualitative methods for the data collection and data analysis. It will thus take a mixed method approach, as il lustrated in Figure 1. These will then be compared and combined to construct a composite model of the study findings. This research design is shown in the figure below. It is to be noted that the quantitative phase will commence first followed by the qualitative phase. This will therefore be an explanatory sequential model. Figure 1: Mixed method (explanatory sequential) research design to be employed During the quantitative phase, data will be collected from the return of questionnaires from a mail-administered survey. During the qualitative phase, data will be collected by conducting a few case studies, which will involve carrying out interviews of Thai SME managers. In addition, some document analyses will also be conducted for gathering relevant information, such as from company profiles, reports and websites. The analysis of the quantitative data will be in the form of descriptive statistics of the data gathered from the survey. Descriptive statist

Research Article Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Article Critique - Essay Example The purpose statement is concentric upon using the research that was performed as a means of drawing inference on the way in which elderly abuse is exhibited throughout the current model and seeking to ameliorate it utilizing the indicators that were provided. The article was able to note several key insights with respect to the data which was discussed and presented. The first of these had to do with the fact that elderly abuse was not solely contingent upon the overall amount of money that the facility or its care cost. Instead, the researchers pointed to the fact that a high rate of staff turnover effected a situation in which low levels of oversight were provided to the incoming staff. This was due in part to the fact that proper training was not provided or effected within the organizations in question; due to the understanding by leadership that these employees would not long remain with the entity and therefore the expense of extensive training and oversight was unwarranted. The evidence that is provided for this particular analysis is an overview of data that was tabulated from nearly 300 Israeli care giving facilities; specifically those tasked with providing elderly care to a high percentage of the total overall patients that they admitted. Furthermore, reports of abuse, government audits, and personal interviews with individuals whose relatives were suspected of being abused was also tabulated as means of approaching this issue from a variety of different standpoints and gaining as accurate a level of inference as possible. With respect to any assumptions or biases, there were no blatant ones that struck this particular author as worthy of mentioning. However, it should be noted that it is without question that regardless the level of academic integrity and rigor that these authors put into their work, bias in one format or another is virtually inevitable and could have

Reward Management in Ikea Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reward Management in Ikea - Literature review Example Most organizations use reward management to motivate employees and enhance their productivity thereby contributing to improvement of overall organizational performance. Reward management is further aimed at ensuring internal, as well as external equity. More importantly, it strengthens psychological contract and also for organization to comply with legislation that require organizations to have reward management system (Phil and Cole, 2011, p. 101). Furthermore, reward management provides an organization with a system that enables it to efficiently administer rewards among employees. There are basically two types of rewards: extrinsic rewards and intrinsic rewards. Extrinsic rewards satisfy basic human needs such as security and survival and include raise in pay, better working conditions, and bonuses among others (Wright, 2004, p. 17). Intrinsic rewards aim at satisfying higher human needs such as development and esteem. The vision of IKEA is creation of better everyday life for man y people including its employees. Its human resource philosophy is that employees can be more productive and committed when the company is taking care of their needs. Like many Swedish companies, IKEA adopted a paternalistic stance towards the needs of employees and employees themselves that seeks to empower employees (IBS Center for Management Research, 2012). The application of its human resource philosophy is more or less standardized and reward policies are applied to all employees uniformly. Its human resource policies are aimed at making relationships between employees open and strong, and employees are encouraged to excel by taking care and supporting each other. In a nutshell, IKEA’s human resource policies seek to guarantee uniform and high quality standards in order to support its future developmental and business challenges (IBS Center for Management Research 2012). IKEA’s reward management system is designed to reward employees more or less equally and is i nformed by the need to make relationships between employees open and strong. Equity theory is relevant to IKEA’s reward management system. Armstrong and Stephens (2005, p. 92) note that this theory suggests that employees will be motivated to engage in actions that they perceive that the conditions of the situation are just and fair and which will ultimately benefit them. In addition, this theory holds that a person will be motivated towards organizational goals if they feel that the amount of effort being put forth commensurate the outcomes or the benefits being received (Byron and Khazanchi, 2010, p. 3). Considering that IKEA’s human resource policies are aimed at creating open and strong relationships among employees and empowering them, equity theory are more relevant to their reward management system. This is because it requires that this system regulates equity and help employees to maximize their outcomes as a whole. Looking into IKEA’s human resource pol icies also shows that the organization is keen to avoid distress among employees which might hamper its efforts towards attaining its goals. Equity theory will therefore be relevant to creating equal relationships among parties in the workplace thus avoiding distress. Equity theory recognizes commonly contributed inputs in organizations to include labor, personal investment, time, dedication, and skill (White and Druker, 2000, p. 81). Application of this